I. the important role of import and export trade in promoting the development of national economy
The import and export trade of a country is an important part of the national economy, which plays an important role in the development of a country's economy. The relationship between import and export trade and economic growth has always been concerned by economists. Ricardo's theory of comparative interest and the proposition of Robertson, the British economist in 1937, "the engine of economic growth of a country with foreign trade", both expound that foreign trade can promote economic growth and play a significant role. The role of import and export trade in promoting economic growth
It is mainly reflected in exports and imports, that is, total trade.
1. Import and export trade is a reliable way to save production labor and improve economic benefits. Through foreign trade, export goods with favorable domestic production conditions and less labor consumption; import products that can fill the gap in domestic supply and more labor consumption, and promote the redistribution of resources, so as to increase private investment and consumption, at the same time, obtain the difference profits brought by the two, and promote the sustainable prosperity of the overall economy.
2. Import and export trade is an effective means to improve production efficiency and enhance domestic competition. Although a large number of imported products will inevitably restrict the market development of domestic products, at the same time, it will also strengthen its competition, making domestic enterprises continuously improve their operation, improve their technical level and enhance their awareness of innovation, so as to produce higher production efficiency. Similarly, export also promotes the fierce competition among enterprises.
3. Import and export trade is an effective way to accumulate activity funds and absorb advanced technology. As a developing country, China, in order to seek its own faster and better development, must accumulate sufficient funds and have high-quality talents, advanced technology, effective management methods, changing market information, etc. the diffusion effect brought by it can adjust and optimize China's industrial structure, commodity structure and consumption structure, and then narrow the technological gap between China and developed countries Distance. The development of import and export trade is of special significance to achieve the above goals.
4. Import and export trade is an important guarantee to balance economic development and promote production sustainability. Under the condition of market economy, the problem of supply and demand often appears. Active development of foreign trade can not only correct the imbalance of various sectors of the national economy in time and adjust the proportion between them, but also solve the contradiction of short supply or oversupply and ensure the smooth progress of social reproduction. At the same time, the emergence of various kinds of taxes, such as tariff, consumption tax, value-added tax, and value-added tax levied by customs, which are closely related to import and export, has promoted the increase of tax revenue in China.
5. Import and export trade is the driving force to increase employment opportunities and solve the three rural issues. According to the internationally accepted calculation method, every 100 million dollars of products exported can provide 10000 jobs, which correspondingly reduces the problem of employment pressure in China and provides a strong guarantee for building a harmonious society. At the same time, through the implementation of measures such as vigorously developing export-oriented agriculture, order agriculture, cultivating export planting bases, supporting the development of export-oriented agricultural products deep processing industry and other foreign trade, we can actively promote the development of rural economy and promote the increase of farmers' income. In view of the above effects of import and export trade on economic development, all countries in the world today, no matter developed or developing countries, no matter big or small countries, no matter capitalist or socialist countries, regard the vigorous development of foreign trade as the fundamental reason of their own important strategic measures for economic development.
Second, the countermeasures to promote the further development of China's import and export trade are affected by the global financial crisis, the rise of trade protectionism and anti-dumping, and the increasing trade frictions between many countries, especially the United States and China. At the same time, the impact of new trade barriers with technical barriers as the core on China's import and export trade is becoming more and more serious, which will become the face of China's foreign trade A major obstacle. In this situation, China should take the initiative to deal with the strategy, explore the new growth path of China's foreign trade under the situation of declining foreign demand, realize the balanced development of import and export trade, and then promote the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy, so as to realize the transformation from a big trading country to a powerful trading country.
1. Further improve foreign trade policies. Import and export trade is the two components of foreign trade, both of which are indispensable. When actively expanding foreign trade, China should always take domestic development as the goal, make full use of domestic market advantages, establish a reasonable import and export structure, strive to reduce excessive trade surplus, make the two coordinated development, stimulate economic growth by increasing investment and expanding domestic demand, and then improve China's economic strength and comprehensive national strength.
2. Improve the overall competitiveness of the enterprise. The state should introduce a series of policies, measures, laws and regulations, guide enterprises to improve their ability of independent innovation, constantly optimize industrial structure, vigorously develop new strategic industries, improve the quality and added value of import and export products, gradually reduce the scope of application of tariffs, while limiting the market power of foreign enterprises, improve the overall competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, and strive to seize more markets Share.
3. Establish monitoring and early warning mechanism. The fluctuation of international market price, the variety of trade barriers and the implementation of anti-dumping policy have a great impact on China's foreign trade. In order to avoid and reduce the impact of foreign environment, it is necessary to set up specialized trade information collection, tracking and analysis institutions, establish early warning and rapid response mechanisms, so as to grasp the supply and demand contradictions and prices in domestic and foreign markets at any time
